Review on tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis has been one of the contagious diseases in human communities during the past 50 years. World Health Organization (WHO) has been reported that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis this high occurrence of infection has caused a large number of morbidity and mortality. Which is partly due to serious adverse reactions induced by Anti-TB drugs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis normally affects the lungs along with other parts of the body examples: lymph nodes, spin, cervix and kidney etc.  India is the highest TB burden country accounting more than one third of the global occurrences. There are many adverse drug reactions (ADR's) are developed during the treatment of Tuberculosis with anti-tubercular drugs. The detection of adverse drug reactions (ADR's) has become increasingly significant because of introduction of a large number potent toxic chemicals. Pharmacovigilance is an arm of patient care and surveillance ADR'S effect both the children and adults with carrying the magnitudes causing morbidity and mortality. A good pharmacovigilance study will identify the risks within the shortest possible time after the medicine has been marketed and will help to establish or identify the risk factors. The current prospective observational study of six months duration was designed to assess the rate of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurrence by anti-tubercular drugs in patients admitted in the department of Chest & Tuberculosis from whom a proper consent obtained. The results of the study showed that the incidence of all major adverse effects was 1.08 per 50 person’s month of exposure. The occurrence of any major side effect in the study was associated with female sex and increase in age. In our study the major cause of admission was adverse drug reactions 47(47%).In our study Hepatitis was observed in 11 (11.56%) patients, leading to the death of 3 patients. In conclusion, Anti-TB drugs that used in tubercular treatment were result in significant adverse effects both in quantity and severity. These reactions may lead to hospitalization, and even death. To confirm this hypothesis many more studies with large population is needed.