Medical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Enzymes
Keywords:
Medical enzyme applications, Therapeutic enzymes, Diagnostic enzymes, Diagnosis of diseasesAbstract
Enzymes from different sources are specific and non-specific biological catalysts facilitating and activating appropriate reactions in cells and tissues and serve in recent years as drugs for many diseases. Errors in their biosynthesis and regulators lead to disturbances and appearance of different diseases. Three possible ways for the application of enzymes in medicine namely: in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, as therapeutic agents and as diagnostic reagents. In this article, we give a short survey of some representative medical applications of enzymes.
Downloads
References
Holcenberg JS. Enzyme therapy: Problems and solutions. Annual Review of Biochemistry 1982; 51: 795-812.
Holcenberg JS, Roberts J. Enzyme as drugs, John Wiley, New York, 1981, pp. 367-384
Wolf M, Ransberger K. Enzyme therapy, Vantage Press, New York, 1972, pp. 135-220.
Grabowsky GA, Desnick RJ. Enzyme replacement in genetic diseases. In: Ho1cenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzymes as drugs, John Wiley, New York, 1981, pp. 167.
Tager JM, Daems WT, Hoodhwinkel GJM. Enzyme therapy in lysosomal storage diseases, Northf Ho Iland, Amsterdam, 1974.
Graham DY. Enzyme therapy of digestive disorders. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds) Enzymes as Drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 331.
Capizzi RL, Cheng YC. Therapy of neoplasia with asparaginase. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzymes as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 1.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Ali NH, Abouzeid MA, Mahmoud DA, Elghonemy DH. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-glutaminase from Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829. British Microbiology Research Journal 2014; 4(1): 93-111.
Kumar SR, Chandrasekaran M. Continuous production of L-glutaminase by an immobilized marine Pseudomonas sp BTMS-51 in a packed bed reactor. Process Biochem 2003; 38(10): 1431-6.
Olalla L, Aledo JC, Bannenberg G, Marquez J. The C-terminus of human glutaminase L-mediates association with PDZ domain-containing proteins. FEBS Letters 2001; 488(3): 116-122.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Ali MA, Abdo DM, Elghonamy DH. Screening and optimization of L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase production by some filamentous fungi. Advances in Food Sciences 2012; 34(3): 150-158.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Abouzeid MA, Mahmoud DA, Elghonemy DH. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829, British Microbiology Research Journal 2012; 2(3): 158-174.
Elshafei AM, El-Ghonemy DH. Screening and media optimization for enhancing L- asparaginase production, an anticancer agent, from different filamentous fungi in solid state fermentation. British Biotechnology Journal 2015; 9(3): 1-15.
Holcenberg JS. Therapy of neoplasia with other nonessential amino acid degrading enzymes. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzymes as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 25.
Levy CC, Karpetsky TP. Human ribonucleases. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzyme as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 103.
Schmidt B, Zahn R. Exonuclease und diese enthaltendes cytostatisches Mittel, FRG Patent 2145528, 1980.
Kalghatgi KK, Bertino JR. Folate-degrading enzymes: a review with special emphasis on carboxypeptidase G. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzyme as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 77.
Collen D, Lijnen HR. The fibrinolytic system in man. Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology 1986; 4(3): 249-301.
Lazerson J. Clotting factor replacement. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzyme as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 241.
Collen D, Lijnen HR. Basic and clinical aspects of fibrinolysis and thrombolysis. Blood 1991; 78(12): 3114-3124.
Fletcher AP, Alkjaersing NK. Fibrinolytic and defibrinating enzymes. In: Holcenberg JS, Roberts J (eds), Enzymes as drugs, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp. 209.
Vinson DR, Hance LG, Mark DG, Ballard DW, Hung YY, Combs MA. Bleeding Complications of central venous catheterization in septic patients with abnormal hemostasis. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2013; 62(4 Suppl): S134.
N Marsh. Fibrinolysis. John Wiley, Chichester, 1981.
Lijnen HR, Fibrinolysis: molecular mechanism and pathophysiological aspects. Sangre 1984; 29(4C): 755-761.
Bloom AI, Tbomas DP. Haemostasis and thrombosis. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1981.
Matsuo O, Bando H, Okada K, Tanaka K, Tsukada M, Iga Y, Arimura H. Thrombolytic effect of singie-chain pro-urokinase in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model. Thromb Res 1986; 42(2): 187-194.
Williams DO, Borer J, Braunwald E, Chesebro JH, Cohen LS, Dalen J, Dodge HT, Fransis CK, Knatterud G, Ludbrook P, Markis JE, Muelle Hr, Desvingne-Nichens P, Passamani ER, Powers ER, Rao AK, Roberts R, Ross A, Ryan TJ, Sobel B, Winnifard M, Zaret B. Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: areport from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial. Circulation 1986; 73(2): 338-346.
Myers ML, Belli R, Lekich RF, Hartley CJ, Roberts R. Enhancement of recovery of myocardial function by oxygen free-radical scavengers after reversible regional ischemia. Circulation 1085; 72(4): 915-921.
Sawada T. Method for treatment of arthrosis deformans with e1astase, US Patent 4446192, 1984.
Ugarova NN. Stabilization of enzymes. In: Berezin IV, Martinek K (eds), Introductory course of applied enzymology, Immobilized enzymes MGU Moscow, 1982 pp. 156.
Mozaev VV. Inactivation and reactivation of proteins (enzymes). In: Berezin IV, Martinek K (eds), Introductory course of applied enzymology, Immobilized enzymes MGU Moscow, 1982, pp. 180.
Gatsing D, Aliyu R, Kuiate JR, Garba IH, Jaryum KH, Tedongmo N, Tchouanguep FM, Adoga GI. Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Allium sativum bulbs on laboratory mice and rats. Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology 2005; 1(1): 39-45.
Lum G, Marquard C, Khuri SS. Hypomagnesaemia and low alkaline phosphatase activity in patient’s serum after cardiac surgery. Clinical Chemistry 1989; 35(4): 664-667.
Iqbal SJ. Persistently raised serum acid phosphatase activity in a patient with hypophosphatasia: electrophoretic and molecular weight characterisation as type 5. Clinica Chimica Acta 1998; 271(2): 213-20.
Ram M, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and autoimmune diseases. Journal of Clinical Immunology 2006; 26(4): 299-307.
Norga K, Grillet B, Masure S, Paemen L, Opdenakker G. Human gelatinase B, a marker enzyme in rheumatoid arthritis, is inhibited by D-penicillamine: anti-rheumatic activity by protease inhibition. Clinical Rheumatology 1996; 15(4): 31-34.
Faber-Elmann A, Sthoeger Z, Tcherniack A, Dayan M, Mozes E. Activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 2002; 127(2): 393-398.
Torsteinsdotti I, Hakansson L, Hallgren R, Gudbjornsson B, Arvidson NG, Venge P. Serum lysozyme: a potential marker of monocyte/macrophage activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 1999; 38(12): 1249-1254.
Kirschenbaum A, Liu XH, Yao S, Leiter A, Levine AC. Prostatic acid phosphatase is expressed in human prostate cancer bone metastases and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2011; 1237: 64-70.
Kim HC, Nam CM, Jee SH, Han KH, Oh DK, Suh II. Normal serum aminotransferase concentration and risk of mortality from liver diseases: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2004; 328: 983.
Wang J, Yuan W, Chen Z, Wu S, Chen J, Ge J, Hou F, Chen Z. Overexpression of G6PD is associated with poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer. Tumour Biology 2012; 33(1): 95-101.
Devi GS, Prasad MH, Reddy PP, Rao DN. Leukocyte glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase as prognostic indicator in ANLL and CML. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1997;35(2): 155-158.
Radenkovic S, Milosevic Z, Konjevic G, Karadzic K, Rovcanin B, Buta M, opcevic K, Jurisic V. Lactate
dehydrogenase, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase in Tumor Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients in Respect to ammographic Findings, Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66(2): 287-295.
Schwartz MK. Enzymes as prognostic markers and therapeutic indicator in patients with cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta 1992; 206 (1-2): 77-82.
Ford R, Quinn SJ, O’Neill RD. Characterization of Biosensors Based on Recombinant Glutamate Oxidase:Comparison of Cross-linking Agents in Terms of Enzyme Loading and Efficiency Parameters. Sensors 2016;16(10): E1565.
Whittaker MM, Pan HY, Yukl ET, Whittaker JW. Burst kinetics and redox transformations of the active site manganese ion in oxalate oxidase: Implications for the catalytic mechanism, J. Biol. Chem 2007; 282(10):7011-7023.
Roy AD, Deuri S, Dutta UC. The diagnostic accuracy of rapid urease biopsy test compared to histopathology in implementing“test and treat” policy for Helicobacter pylori. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 2016; 6 (1): 18-22.
Li G, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu H, Cai S, He Y. The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase levels in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16: 249.
Yoo EH, Lee SY. Glucose biosensors: An overview of use in clinical practice. Sensors 2010; 10(5): 4558-4576.
Kaplan A, Naugler D. Creatinine hydrolase and creatine amidinohydrolase: I. Presence in cell-free extracts of arthrobacter ureafaciens. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 1974; 3(1): 9-15.
Feeman WE, Couto CG, Gray TL. Serum creatinine concentrations in retired racing Greyhounds. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 2003; 32(1): 40-42.
Longo N. Primary Carnitine Deficiency and Newborn Screening for Disorders of the Carnitine Cycle. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2016; 68(3): 5-9.
Prochaska LJ, Piekutowski WV. On the synergistic effects of enzymes in food with enzymes in the human body, a literature survey and analytical report. Medical Hypotheses 1994; 42(6): 355-62.
Anisha GS, Sukumaran RK, Prema P. Evaluation of α-galactosidase biosynthesis by Streptomyces griseoloalbus in solid state fermentation, using response surface methodology. Letters in Applied Microbiology 2008; 46(3): 338-43.
Elshafei AM, Foda MS, Aboul-Enein A, Afify AS, Ali NH. Purification and Enzymatic Properties of -Galactosidase from Penicillium janthinellum. Acta Biotechnologica 1993; 13(4): 351-9.
Elshafei AM, Foda MS, Abdel-Mobde E, Ali NH. Optimization of Alpha-Galactosidase Production in Streptomyces erythrus. Acta Microbiologica Polonica 2001; 50(1): 53-63.
Jan H, Nicolai A. Simple enzymatic procedure for L-carnosine synthesis: whole-cell biocatalysis and efficient biocatalyst recycling. Microbial Biotechnology 2009; 3(1): 74-83.
Gupta V, Kumarasamy K, Gulati N, Garg RR, Krishnan P, Chander J. AmpC β-lactamases in nosocomial isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia from India. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2012; 136(2): 237-241.
Husain Q. Beta galactosidases and their potential applications: a review. Critical Reviews Biotechnology 2010; 30(1): 41-62.
Zaitsev S, Spitzer D, Murciano JC. Sustained thromboprophylaxis mediated by an rbc-targeted prourokinase zymogen activated at the site of clot formation. Blood 2010; 115(25): 5241-5248.
Fazilat A. Production, isolation, purification and partial characterization of an extracellular acid protease from Aspergillus niger. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences 2016; 3(3): 32-38.
Banerjee A, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Streptokinase-A clinically useful thrombolytic agent. Biotechnology Advances 2004; 22(4): 287-307.
Lin RJ, Chien HL, Lin SY. MCPIP1 Ribonuclease exhibits broadspectrum antiviral effects through viral RNA binding and degradation. Nucleic Acids Research 2013; 41(5): 3314-3326.
Spiers ASD, Wade HE. Bacterial glutaminase in treatment of acute leukaemia. Br. Med J 1976; 1(6021): 1317-1319.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Ali NH, Abouzeid MA, Mahmoud DA, Elghonemy DH. Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-glutaminase from Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829. British Microbiology Research Journal 2014; 4(1): 93-111.
Elshafei AM, Hassan MM, Morsi NM, Elghonemy DH. Screening studies on the formation of Beta-glucosidase from some filamentous fungi. Advances in Food Sciences 2009; 31(3): 158-163.
Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L. Glucose oxidase: an overview. Biotechnology Advances 2009; 27(4): 489-501.
Jain R, Zaidi KU, Verma K, Saxena P. L-asparaginase: a promising enzyme for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. People’s Journal of Scientific Research 2012; 5(1): 29-35.
Elshafei AM, Mohamed LA, Ali NH. Deamination of adenosine by extracts of Penicillium politans NRC-510. Journal of Basic Microbiol 2005; 45(2): 115-124.
Elshafei AM, Abu-Shady MR, El-Beih FM, Mohamed LA. Mode and Extent of Degradation of Adenosine and Guanosine by Extracts of Aspergillus terricola. Microbiological Research 1995; 150(3): 291-5.
Abu-Shady MR, Elshafei AM, El-Beih FM, Mohamed LA. Properties of Adenosine Deaminase in Extracts of Aspergillus terricola. Acta Microbiologica Polonica 1994; 43 (3-4): 305-311.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.