Determinants of Delayed and Missed Childhood Immunization Among Mothers Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study
Keywords:
Childhood immunization;, Vaccine delay, Missed vaccination, Maternal determinantsAbstract
Background: Childhood immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention; however, delayed and missed vaccinations remain significant challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and key determinants of childhood immunization non-compliance among mothers attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 mothers of children aged 0–24 months attending PHCs. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and verified through immunization cards. Non-compliance was defined as a delay of ≥4 weeks beyond the scheduled date or omission of a due vaccine dose. Binary logistic regression was performed using SPSS version 26 to identify independent predictors. Results: Immunization non-compliance was observed in 49.7% of children (n=149). The highest non-compliance rates were reported for IPV (35.7%), measles-rubella vaccine (34.3%), and the third dose of pentavalent vaccine (25.3%). Major barriers included child illness on vaccination day (45.0%), caregiver forgetfulness (38.9%), and fear of adverse effects (32.9%). Independent.
; ; M; Primary healthcare; Vaccine hesitancy; Immunization barriers; Cross-sectional study.
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S.M. Bairagi, J.G. Wagh, A.R. Thanage, P. ABSTRACT
Background: Childhood immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention; however, delayed and missed vaccinations remain significant challenges. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and key determinants of childhood immunization non-compliance among mothers attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs).
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 mothers of children aged 0–24 months attending PHCs. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and verified through immunization cards. Non-compliance was defined as a delay of ≥4 weeks beyond the scheduled date or omission of a due vaccine dose. Binary logistic regression was performed using SPSS version 26 to identify independent predictors.
Results: Immunization non-compliance was observed in 49.7% of children (n=149). The highest non-compliance rates were reported for IPV (35.7%), measles-rubella vaccine (34.3%), and the third dose of pentavalent vaccine (25.3%). Major barriers included child illness on vaccination day (45.0%), caregiver forgetfulness (38.9%), and fear of adverse effects (32.9%). Independent predictors included rural/peri-urban residence (aOR=3.21; p
Keywords: Childhood immunization; Vaccine delay; Missed vaccination; Maternal determinants; Primary healthcare; Vaccine hesitancy; Immunization barriers; Cross-sectional study.
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