Nanoparticles (NPS) Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems represent a breakthrough in modern medicine, offering a promising strategy for targeted, controlled, and efficient cancer therapy. Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, characterized by complex pathophysiology. Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, though effective to some extent, face significant limitations including poor selectivity, systemic toxicity, and the development of multidrug resistance, which hinder successful treatment outcomes.The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy by enabling site-specific delivery, improved drug sstability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Various nanocarriers-such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles-have been widely explored for applications in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Despite existing challenges related to large-scale production, biocompatibility, and long-term safety, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery continues to advance rapidly. Future research is expected to focus on personalized nanomedicine, smart and multifunctional nanocarriers, gene-editing nanoparticle systems, and environmentally friendly (“green”) nanotechnology for safer and more effective cancer treatments. This review highlights the different types of nanoparticles and their targeting mechanisms in cancer drug delivery systems.