PHARMACOLOGICAL AND ENDOVASCULAR APPROCHES, SECONDARY PREVENTION, AND THE ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACISTS IN STROKE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with a significant impact on individuals and healthcare systems. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stroke. This review summarizes recent advances in stroke management published between 2016 and 2026, with a focus on thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thrombectomy, advanced neuroimaging, artificial intelligence, telestroke services, neuroprotective strategies, and secondary stroke prevention. The review also highlights the expanding role of clinical pharmacists in optimizing pharmacotherapy, improving medication safety, promoting patient adherence, and supporting multidisciplinary stroke care. Emerging technologies and personalized treatment approaches have enhanced patient selection, reduced treatment delays, and improved functional outcomes. Despite these advances, challenges such as delayed hospital presentation, limited access to specialized stroke centers, and disparities in healthcare remain. Continued research, technological innovation, and implementation of evidence-based guidelines are essential to further improve stroke care and reduce the global burden of stroke. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent advances in stroke management, with a particular focus on pharmacological therapies, endovascular interventions, secondary prevention strategies, and the expanding role of clinical pharmacists in optimizing patient care and improving clinical outcomes.