MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS: CURRENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND EMERGING THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Multi drug -resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are a growing global health challenge that limit the effectiveness of existing antibiotics and increase patient morbidity and mortality. Effective management involves optimized antimicrobial therapy, combination treatment, rapid diagnostics, infection prevention, and antimicrobial stewardship. Emerging approaches such as bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, antivirulence agents, immunotherapy, nanotechnology, plant-derived compounds, and novel antibiotics offer promising alternatives for treating resistant pathogens. Although many of these strategies are still under development, integrating conventional and innovative therapies with rational antibiotic use is essential to improve clinical outcomes and combat the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance.