UPI Journal of Chemical and Life Sciences

PHARMACEUTICAL COCRYSTALS

2026-02-21T01:14:56-05:00

Low aqueous solubility and concomitant oral bioavailability are the major glitches found in converting the active pharmaceutical ingredients to new pharmaceutical products. Many methods are in existence to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Co-crystallization is one of the unique technique that aggregates two or more different chemical entities in a crystalline lattice via non-covalent bonding. Co-crystals are multi-component system of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a conformer.

MODERN TRENDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS: INTEGRATION OF HPLC, UPLC, UV, AND SEC-MALLS FOR DRUG PRODUCT EVALUATION

2026-06-08T14:37:49-04:00

Modern pharmaceutical analysis increasingly relies on advanced multidimensional analytical techniques for comprehensive characterization of drug substances, drug products, biopharmaceuticals, and nanomedicine formulations. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled with Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS) have emerged as highly powerful analytical platforms because of their sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and broad pharmaceutical applicability. HPLC and UPLC are extensively utilized for assay determination, impurity profiling, dissolution testing, degradation studies, stability-indicating analysis, and pharmaceutical quality control, while UV-visible spectroscopy provides rapid and economical quantitative estimation of pharmaceutical compounds containing chromophoric functional groups. SEC-MALLS additionally enables absolute molecular weight determination, aggregation profiling, conformational analysis, and structural characterization of proteins, monoclonal antibodies, biosimilars, nanoparticles, liposomes, and advanced drug delivery systems without dependence on calibration standards. Integration of orthogonal analytical techniques significantly improves analytical reliability, multidimensional characterization capability, impurity identification, and structural elucidation in complex pharmaceutical formulations. The present review comprehensively discusses the principles, instrumentation, pharmaceutical applications, analytical advantages, method development strategies, validation requirements, regulatory significance, and future perspectives of HPLC, UPLC, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEC-MALLS in modern pharmaceutical analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on multidetector analytical systems, integrated analytical workflows, pharmaceutical quality assessment, biosimilar evaluation, nanotechnology applications, and regulatory quality control. Emerging advancements involving AI-assisted analytics, automated multidetector platforms, high-resolution chromatography, and real-time process monitoring are also highlighted.

RECENT ADVANCES IN SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR DRUG BIOANALYSIS: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

2026-06-26T22:49:22-04:00

Bioanalytical sample preparation plays a crucial role in pharmaceutical, clinical, and biomedical research by enabling accurate isolation, purification, and quantification of drugs, metabolites, peptides, proteins, and biomarkers from complex biological matrices. Biological samples such as plasma, serum, urine, saliva, and tissues contain proteins, phospholipids, salts, and endogenous compounds that interfere with chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. Therefore, efficient sample preparation is essential to improve sensitivity, selectivity, extraction recovery, and matrix clean-up in LC–MS/MS and chromatographic bioanalysis. Conventional techniques, including protein precipitation (PPT), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), filtration, and ultrafiltration, remain widely employed in routine pharmaceutical analysis. Recent advancements have led to the development of modern extraction approaches such as supported liquid extraction (SLE), salting-out assisted liquid extraction (SALLE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS). Nanotechnology-based extraction systems, green analytical chemistry approaches, automation, and AI-assisted sample preparation have further enhanced analytical efficiency and sustainability. Emerging techniques including electro membrane extraction (EME), dried blood spot (DBS), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and miniaturized extraction platforms are transforming modern bioanalysis. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances, applications, advantages, limitations, and future trends in sample preparation techniques for drug bioanalysis.